The United Nations has issued a stark warning that Myanmar's human rights situation has deteriorated to a "new low," with illegal mining and scam centres exacerbating the crisis. The UN human rights office condemned the "ever-worsening brutal abuse" of the Rohingya minority and the "devastating impact" of illicit economies, including rare earth mining.
Myanmar's ruling junta seized power in a coup on 1 February 2021, ousting Aung San Suu Kyi's elected government and ending a decade-long experiment with democracy. The country has since been plunged into violent turmoil and a humanitarian catastrophe. Over the past five years, more than 100,000 people are estimated to have been killed as the military battles pro-democracy and ethnic-minority rebel groups.
Report details widespread suffering
The UN report, covering June 2025 to May 2026, paints a grim picture. UN rights chief Volker Türk described it as "a picture of suffering, misery, and cruelty on multiple levels and across the country that is heartbreaking." He called on all states, companies, and investors to reflect on their actions or inaction, asking: "Is this fair and just for the people of Myanmar?"
The report highlights the military's persistent use of airstrikes, arson, and displacement against civilians. It also documents widespread abuses by the military and the Arakan Army, an ethnic rebel group, against the Rohingya minority. The junta's quest for control and legitimacy has only deepened civilian suffering, with new technologies expanding surveillance and permeating every aspect of life.
Scam centres and illicit economies
Illicit economies, including drug production, human trafficking, and scam centres, are financing the conflict. James Rodehaver, head of the rights office's Myanmar team, said local communities have become increasingly dependent on these scam centres, which build roads, schools, and freshwater wells to gain local support and legitimacy.
Financial investigations revealed a complex web of illicit gains and impunity. The report suggests that mining extraction, largely for the Chinese market, peaked in 2023 with trade flows reaching $1.4 billion (€1.2 billion). Mining operations are discharging hazardous chemicals into waterways, causing severe pollution and harming reproductive health.
The international community has been urged to take action. The UN report calls for serious soul-searching among states and businesses. As Myanmar's junta leader Min Aung Hlaing seeks diplomatic recognition through visits to India, China, Laos, and Thailand, the report underscores the urgent need for accountability and humanitarian support.
