If the rest of the world adopted Dutch cycling habits, the planet would see a dramatic drop in carbon emissions—roughly 686 million tonnes per year, according to a new study from the University of Southern Denmark. Published in the journal Communications Earth and Environment, the research highlights the untapped potential of the bicycle as a climate solution.
The Dutch cycle an average of 2.6 kilometres per person each day. If that pattern were replicated globally, the annual reduction in CO2 would exceed the total emissions of most countries, including the UK, Canada, Saudi Arabia, and Australia. The authors argue that the combined climate and health benefits of increased cycling are so significant that promoting it should be an urgent policy priority.
Why cycling matters for the climate
The transport sector is responsible for about a quarter of global fuel-related greenhouse gas emissions, with private cars and trucks accounting for half of that. Beyond carbon, vehicles emit toxic pollutants that degrade air quality in cities from Paris to Warsaw. Yet many daily trips are short enough to be cycled: according to UK climate organisation Hubbub, half of all journeys are under 3.2 kilometres.
Cycling also delivers substantial health benefits. Research cited in the study shows that people who cycle to work have a 45% lower risk of developing cancer and a 46% lower risk of cardiovascular disease. These gains translate into reduced pressure on healthcare systems across Europe, where sedentary lifestyles are a growing concern.
Despite a boom in bike production—123 million bikes were manufactured in 2015, up from 20.7 million in 1962—cycling still accounts for only 5% of daily trips worldwide. The study acknowledges that not everyone lives in a cycle-friendly environment, but insists that infrastructure is the key. Lessons from Copenhagen and Amsterdam, where dedicated lanes, traffic calming, and bike parking have made cycling safe and convenient, are essential for other cities to follow.
The findings come as European cities are already experimenting with car-free zones and cycling superhighways. From the Netherlands' extensive network of fietspaden to Germany's push for bike-friendly urban planning, the continent is leading the way. Yet the study suggests that much more can be done, especially in southern and eastern Europe where cycling rates remain low.
The authors call for an “urgent” expansion of cycling infrastructure worldwide, noting that the benefits are not just environmental but also economic. Reduced congestion, lower healthcare costs, and improved quality of life are all part of the package. As the EU pushes for a green transition, cycling could become a cornerstone of sustainable mobility.
For those who doubt the feasibility, the Dutch example is proof that it works. With the right investment, cities across Europe and beyond could emulate this success. The study's message is clear: the bicycle is a powerful tool in the fight against climate change, and the time to act is now.
